Bihar is located in the eastern part of the country (between 83°-30 longitude). It is an entirely land–locked state, although the outlet to the sea through the port of Kolkata is not too far away. Bihar lies mid-way between the humid West Bengal in the east and the sub humid Uttar Pradesh in the west which provides it with a transitional position in respect of climate, economy and culture. It is bounded by Nepal in the north and by Jharkhand in the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two unequal halves by the river Ganga which flows through the middle from west to east.

Bihar is a unique state endowed with rich history. It is the seat of significant mythological events and tales from Ramayana. It is the birth place of prominent religions including Buddhism and Jainism. It was Bihar that sprouted the first seed of democracy. It was Bihar where first true kingdom, Maurya Empire, reigned all over the subcontinent. Patna, situated on the bank of river Ganga, is the capital of Bihar and states current geographical boundary is shaped after its partition from Bengal and later on after seperation of Jharkhand in 2000.